CADMIUM OXIDE

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Cd=O

H.S CODE

CLASSIFICATION

EXTRA NOTES

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CADMIUM: Cadmium is a soft, ductile, tin-white transition metallic element belonging to group number 12 of periodic table; atomic number 48; atomic mass 112.411; melting point 321.07°C; boiling point 767°C; specific gravity 8.65 g/cm³; Oxidation state 2; electronic configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s^2.  Cadmium is very resistant to corrosion. It is reactive with strong oxidizing agents, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. It loses luster in moist and is corroded by ammonia and sulfur dioxide.  Cadmium occurs in the 0 and +2 oxidation states and forms many divalent compounds which are reactive with potassium, magnesium, strong acids/bases, and oxidizing agents. Cadmium is insoluble in water but soluble in acids. Cadmium is a relatively rare metal; closely related to zinc. Cadmium does not occur uncombined in nature; occurs mainly in zinc mineral deposits and small amounts are found in copper and lead ores. Greenockite (CdS) is the only cadmium mineral. Cadmium is produced as a by-product in electrolytic zinc refining. It is a metal capable of high polish which provide the principle application in the electroplating of iron and steel. It bears alloys with other metals, iron, copper, nickel, gold, silver, bismuth and aluminium, for the low coefficient friction, corrosion resistance and improving solderability and surface conductivity. Cadmium alloys are used as a control absorber and shield in nuclear reactors. Some cadmium compounds are used in batteries, semiconductors, and photoconductive cells. Cadmium sulfide photoconductive cell provides a high dark-light resistance ratio. Cadmium silver oxide cell is an alkaline-electrolyte cell which is used as a primary battery or a secondary-battery than can be rechargeable. Cadmium telluride is used in photoconductive cell which can be operated at ambient temperatures up to 400 C. It is used in solar cells and infrared, nuclear-radiation, and gamma-ray detectors. Cadmium selenide is a photoconductive and semiconductor material used in a cell where a fast response time and high sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light is required. Cadmium is used to produce luminous pigment and fluorescent pigment which absorb light energy and electromagnetic radiations and release visible light as energy of desired wavelength. The principal cadmium pigments are consisted of cadmium sulfides and sulfoselenides. Cadmium sulfide is responsible for yellow color and cadmium selenide is for red. cadmium pigments are used in the coloring of plastics and paints which hot temperature resistance is required. Cadmium is used in the production of various salts.

• Cadmium acetate [CAS RN: 543-90-8, Cd(OOCCH₃)₂] clear monoclinic crystals, soluble in water and alcohol; used for producing iridescent effects on porcelain.
• Cadmium arsenide [CAS RN: 12006-15-4, Cd3As2]
• Cadmium bromate [CAS RN: 14518-94-6, Cd(BrO₃)₂] white powder, soluble in water; used as an analytical reagent.
• Cadmium bromide [CAS RN: 7789-42-6, CdBr₂] yellow crystalline powder, soluble in water and alcohol; moderately soluble in acetone, slightly soluble in ether; used in photography, lithography and engraving process.
• Cadmium carbonate [CAS RN: 513-78-0, CdCO₃] white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, soluble in acids and potassium cyanide; used as a starting compound for other cadmium salts.
• Cadmium chlorate [CdClO₃] White crystals, soluble in water; a highly toxic material.
• Cadmium chloride [CAS RN: 10108-64-2, CdCl₂] white crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol; insoluble in ether; used in the dyeing and printing of fabrics, in photography, in producing electronics component and sulfides.
• Cadmium fluoborate [CAS RN: 14486-19-2]
• Cadmium fluoride [CAS RN: 7790-79-6, CdF₂] crystalline compound; melting point of 1110 C; soluble in water and acids; insoluble in alcohol and ammonia solution; Used for electronic and optical applications and as a starting material for laser crystals.
• Cadmium fluosilicate [CAS RN: 17010-21-8]
• Cadmium hydroxide [CAS RN: 21041-95-2, Cd(OH)₂] white solid, soluble in dilute acids, sodium hydroxide, ammonia and ammonium chloride solution; insoluble in water; used to prepare negative electrodes for cadmium-nickel batteries.
• Cadmium iodide [CAS RN: 7790-80-9, CdI₂] white powder; soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and acetone; used in photography, in engraving process, and was used as an antiseptic and astringent.
• Cadmium lactate [CAS RN: 16039-55-7]
• Cadmium nitrate [CAS RN: 10325-94-7, Cd(NO₃)₂] white hygroscopic crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone and liquid ammonia; used to give a reddish-yellow luster to glass and porcelain ware.
• Cadmium oxide [CAS RN: 1306-19-0, CdO] brown amorphous powder, insoluble in water; soluble in dilute acids and ammonia salts; used in electroplating, in semiconductors, in glass and ceramic glazes and in the manufacture of paint pigments.
• Cadmium phosphate [CAS RN: 13477-1-3]
• Cadmium selenide [CAS RN: 1306-24-7] a photoconductive and semiconductor material used in a cell where a fast response time and high sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light is required; also used as a red pigment.
• Cadmium stearate [CAS RN: 2223-93-0] the most effective stabilizer for polymers especially for PVC and its related products to develops good initial colour and clarity as well as to retard the degradation against heat and UV.
• Cadmium succinate [CAS RN: 141-00-4]
• Cadmium sulfate [CAS RN: 10124-36-4, CdSO₄] white efflorescent crystals, soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ethyl acetate; used as an antiseptic and astringent, and as a detector of hydrogen sulfide and fumaric acid.
• Cadmium sulfide [CAS RN: 1306-23-6, CdS] A compound with two forms: orange, insoluble in water, used as a pigment, and also known as orange cadmium; light yellow, hexagonal crystals, insoluble in water, and also known as cadmium yellow. Cadmium sulfide is used in the electronics industry for photocells and light emitting diodes. It is also used as a curing agent in tires. photoconductive cell in which a small wafer of cadmium sulfide provides an extremely high dark-light resistance ratio.
• Cadmium telluride [CAS RN: 1306-25-8, CdTe] Brownish-black, cubic crystals with a melting point of 1090 C; soluble, with decomposition, in nitric acid; used for semiconductors. used in solar cells and infrared, nuclear-radiation, and gamma-ray detectors.
• Cadmium tungstate [CdWO₄] white to yellow crystals; soluble in ammonium hydroxide and alkali cyanides; used in fluorescent paint, x-ray screens, and scintillation counters.
• Potassium cadmium iodide [K₂(CdI₄)] crystalline compound; used in analytical chemistry for alkaloids, amines, and other compounds.

APPEARANCE

ASSAY

CADMIUM

86.0% min

INSOLUBLES

0.04% max

CHLORIDES

0.02% max

SULFATES

0.02% max

Fe

15ppm max

Cu

2ppm max

Ni

Zn

10ppm max

0.2-0.4microns